Mapping the Fragments – Justice and Security in Somalia: Galkayo and Kismayo

Authors: Nisar Majid, Khalif Abdirahman and Marika Theros

This report analyses justice and security dynamics in Somalia through a comparative study of Kismayo and Galkayo, applying Bell and Wise’s (2022) framework on fragmented peace-conflict spaces. It examines how governance and security arrangements in these towns reflect broader Somali state formation processes.

Kismayo, a key seaport under Jubbaland administration, operates as a territorially limited transcalar space with centralized governance shaped by Islamist influences and Al-Shabaab’s presence. The city has achieved relative stability and credible justice provision but faces challenges related to political exclusion.

Galkayo, a divided town between Puntland and Galmudug, exemplifies a borderland mediation space where governance remains contested and security arrangements fluid, requiring ongoing negotiation among multiple actors. Despite a 2017 peace agreement, instability persists.

Both towns also function as route-of-passage spaces, serving as trade corridors that influence justice and security. Their differing political orders underscore the need for localized, adaptive peace and security interventions. The study highlights the importance of tailoring strategies to specific governance dynamics while ensuring alignment with broader national peacebuilding efforts.

Read the accompanying policy brief: Fragmented Governance in Somalia: Understanding Justice and Security through Galkayo and Kismayo

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