Changing Peacemaking Practice: PA-X Key Findings

This policy brief presents key findings on changing peacemaking practice from 1990 – 2025, based on the PA-X Peace Agreements Database.

Peace agreements are becoming fewer, more fragmented, and increasingly internationalised. Since 1990, there have been over 2,200 formal, written, publicly available peace agreements across more than 180 peace processes. Most relate to conflicts within states, but the landscape of peacemaking has changed.

This brief draws on the PA-X Peace Agreements Database and Dataset, developed and maintained by PeaceRep researchers at the University of Edinburgh. PA-X provides a comprehensive record of peace agreements across multiple conflict contexts and stages of peace processes, systematically documenting and archiving formal peace agreements, relevant metadata and thematic coding of their contents.