Peace Agreements in 2024: Insights from the PA-X Database

Authors: Sanja Badanjak, Johanna Amaya-Panche, Juline Beaujouan, Tim Epple, Adam Farquhar, Niamh Henry, Robert Wilson and Laura Wise

Following the release of Version 9 of the PA-X Peace Agreements Database, this data report explores global insights into peace agreements signed in 2024, their characteristics, analysis of the agreement contents and key topics, as well as data on gender provisions in peace agreements and local agreements.

The agreements recorded in the PA-X Peace Agreement Database and Dataset in 2024 show a clear disconnect between agreement-making (in Colombia, primarily) and some of the deadliest active armed conflicts (e.g., Russia/Ukraine and Israel/Palestine, where there have been no formal, written, and public agreements in 2024). Additionally, for two years in a row, the PA-X data record no new interstate and intrastate comprehensive peace agreements. In total, there have been 43 new peace agreements signed in 2024. However, they have been dominated by the talks between the Government of Colombia and Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) and Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN), representing more than half of the newly signed agreements at all levels of armed conflict (23 of 43, or 53%). There have been seven local agreements in 2024 that we know of and are publicly available, from processes in Colombia, Papua New Guinea, South Sudan, and Yemen.

31% of interstate and intrastate peace agreements reached in 2024 included at least one provision referencing women, girls, gender or sexual violence. Although this is an increase on gender provisions in 2023 (20%), and part of a positive trend since 1990, 31% is roughly in line with annual proportions since 2018, which have ranged between 20-30% of peace agreements. However, most of these references to women, girls, gender or sexual violence in 2024 have been found in agreements in Colombia.

PA-X is a database containing 2,144 peace agreements, found in more than 150 peace processes between 1990 and 2024. Explore the PA-X Peace Agreements Database V9.