Gender References in Peace Agreements in 2025: Insights from the PA-X Database

Author: Laura Wise

This PA-X data report looks specifically at agreements included in PA-X Gender, which tracks the presence of any references to women, girls, gender or sexual violence.

In 2025, 10 of the 54 peace agreements (19%) published on PA-X include at least one provision referencing women, girls, gender or sexual violence (excluding local agreements). This is a slight decrease compared to agreements in 2024 (23%)- a share that was heavily driven by gender-inclusive peace processes in Colombia- and identical to 2023 (19%).

Conflict parties signed peace agreements in 17 peace processes in 2025; however, only six of those processes, in five countries, produced agreements which contained gender provisions.

This report draws on the PA-X Peace Agreements Database and Dataset, developed and maintained by PeaceRep researchers at the University of Edinburgh. PA-X provides a comprehensive record of peace agreements across multiple conflict contexts and stages of peace processes, systematically documenting and archiving formal peace agreements, relevant metadata and thematic coding of their contents.